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Chapter 22
HighRoad commands
This chapter describes HighRoad icons and commands.
The commands are explained in the order in which they appear on the
menus.
Icons
Icons are symbols that correspond to a program, a document or a
type of disk. When you select an icon you are telling your computer
or a program what to do. Usually you are starting an application or
opening a document.
The HighRoad icon represents the
HighRoad application. Double-click to start it, or drop a project
file onto it to open the project file.
The Project icon represents the main
HighRoad document type. Every HighRoad project is of this file type.
It includes terrain and all design information about a project.
Double-click this file to open it, drag onto HighRoad icon, or start
HighRoad and open this file from the Open button or command. For
Windows, project files have the extension .rdd added to them.
The Feature Library icon represents
a document where feature types are stored. These are used to
automatically join feature strings when a terrain model is created.
Use of a feature library can speed up your work when creating a
terrain model. For Windows, feature library files have the extension
.rdl added to them.
The Text icon represents a file of
plain text. This file type is used for listing a variety of data from
HighRoad including terrain and drawing information which is exported
in common formats such as DXF, MOSS, CivilCAD, GDL and QD3D or
formatted data ready to upload to dataloggers. For Windows, text
files have the extension .txt added to them.
The Typical Section Library icon
represents a document where typical section templates are stored for
easy retrieval when designing new roads. By saving often used or
complex typical sections in the library you can speed up your work.
For Windows, typical section library files have the extension .rdt
added to them.
The PICT icon ia a drawing format
document used by many applications. HighRoad can export plan, profile
and section drawings in this format, as well as combinations of these
created in the drawing manager.
The Drive Through Movie icon is a
movie document . The icon shown here is the icon of the QuickTime
Player, which can be used to view drive through simulations created
by HighRoad.
Commands
HighRoad presents its commands in menus that you pull down from
the menu bar. A command is an instruction to your computer to perform
an action. When you pull down a menu, some of the commands appear
grey or dimmed. A command is dimmed when it does not apply to what
you are doing at that moment. You cannot choose a dimmed command.
Some commands can be typed on the keyboard, as well as chosen from
the menu. Each such command shows its keyboard equivalent in the
menu. Some commands appear with a check mark beside them on the menu.
The check mark tells you commands that are in effect. Some commands
are carried out as soon as you select them. Others need more
information before the command is completed. Any command on a menu
that is followed by an ellipsis (...) presents a dialog box when
chosen. The dialog box appears when HighRoad needs more information
to carry out the command.
Dialog
boxes
Some of the features of the dialog boxes used in HighRoad include
buttons, boxes and scroll bars.
Note: The diagrams in this manual may look
slightly different depending on which operating system you use.
Buttons
Most dialog boxes used in HighRoad have OK and Cancel buttons.
Click the OK button to carry out the command. Click the Cancel button
to cancel the command.
Boxes
Many of the dialog boxes used in HighRoad have smaller boxes
within them for you to type in a number or some text. HighRoad may
propose a response for you. If you want to use what HighRoad
proposes, click OK. If you want a different response, select the text
and type the required response. Use the Backspace (Delete) key to
correct typing errors.
Scroll bars
If a list of documents is longer than will fit in a dialog box,
scroll bars allow you to see the rest of the list.
The ð or
menu
About HighRoad shows information about HighRoad, including
copyright ownership, the version number and the remaining unused
memory. About HighRoad also shows that HighRoad was written in
MacForth which is an interactive software development language.
About CCRS shows information about the technology used to
make HighRoad available on Windows.
The File menu
The File menu commands are used to open, save and close HighRoad
documents, print or plot drawings, export drawings in other file
formats, or read files from an external device.
New or New text file
Depending on which window is at the front, New will create a new
project or text file. If there is already a project open and it has
not been saved before, or if you have made any changes in the
document that you have not yet saved, a dialog box will appear. It
will ask Save changes to ...?. To save the document, click Yes. If
the document has not been saved before, HighRoad will present the
Save As... dialog box. Type in the name of the document and click
Save.
Open or Open text file
This command retrieves a document already saved on disk and
displays it on the screen. Depending on which is the active window,
you will be able to choose Open... (which opens a HighRoad project)
or Open Text File... (which opens a text file). If there is already a
document on the screen and it has unsaved information on it, HighRoad
will present a dialog box allowing you to save your work if you wish.
HighRoad responds to the Open command with a dialog box listing the
projects (or in the case of Open Text File... , the text files) on
the current disk. Click the name of the document that you want to
open, then click Open. (Alternatively double-click the name of the
document.)
Close
This command closes the active window. Choosing Close has the same
effect as clicking the active window's close box. If it is a text
window and you have made changes since last saving the document,
HighRoad will ask whether to first save those changes before closing.
If the document is untitled, HighRoad will respond with a Save As...
dialog box.
Save/Save As...
Save as Quicktime movie...
These commands save the project or text file you are currently
working on. If the document was read from a disk, or if it was
previously saved with the Save As... command, Save is active. The
document on the disk will be replaced with the version you have been
working on. You can then continue working on that document. Choose
Save As... when a document has not been saved before, if you want to
rename a project or text file (the original will remain unchanged on
the disk) or if you want to save the project or text file on another
disk. HighRoad responds with a dialog box where you can type in the
name of the project or text file, change disks or both. The document
stays open on the screen so you can continue working on it. Choose
Save as Quicktime movie... when you want to save the 3D view as a
fly-around movie.
Note: Save as Quicktime movie... is not yet available for
Windows.
Page Setup...
This command lets you specify the various options for printing
your documents. Some of the page setup options are printer specific.
It is often useful to print drawings at half size. This allows you to
fit much more information on the sheet.
Print Plan...
This command is available when the Plan window is the active
window. Before selecting this command, be sure to select paper size
and orientation (see Page Setup... ). Contours, triangles and feature
strings may be shown in addition to the plan of the road. Choose Show
contours, Show triangles, Show features from the Plan menu.
Print Plan... allows you to specify the scales, drawing size and
other aspects of the plan drawing. The scales are used when plotting
or printing and do not apply to the screen. Note that the drawing
size can be different from the printer page size. If the printer page
size is smaller than the drawing size, sufficient pages will be tiled
to show the full drawing at its correct size. The drawing may also
show the profile below the plan. Check the box Show Profile and the
Profile button will be enabled, allowing you to specify details for
the profile.
Print Profile...
This command is available when the Profile window is the active
window. Before choosing this command you should select Page Setup...
for printer paper size and orientation. Where the survey is in cross
section format, the portion of the profile printed on each sheet is
truncated at the last surveyed point that will fit on the sheet. The
datum level is selected for each individual sheet.
Print Cross Sections...
This command is available when the Cross section plot window is
the active window. The chainage range for printing cross
sections is selected from the dialog box which appears. It is
initially set up to print the cross section currently displayed in
the Cross Section plot window. Enter the chainage range of the cross
sections you wish to print in the appropriate boxes. You can also
specify the spacing between sections. The interval between printed
cross sections can be either as surveyed (in the case of survey data
in cross section format) or at a nominated interval. You can print
the cross sections with a border and title block if required. The
title can have up to four lines of text. The border around the title
will be sized to suit the width and number of lines of text. The
cross sections will be printed at the scale currently in force for
the Cross Section plot window.
Print Typical Sections...
This command is available only when the Typical Section window is
the active window. The typical sections will be printed centred one
to a page and at the scale currently selected. Use the Page Setup
command to select orientation and paper size.
Print Quantities...
This command is available only when the Schedule of Quantities
window is the active window. When the quantities are printed, the
earthworks will be printed in a list of chainages with the cut and
fill volumes (and stripping if chosen) between each of the chainages.
The totals listed at the bottom will be the total cut, total fill and
total volume of stripping (if any). The volumes listed in the
schedule of quantities are calculated from these totals, for example,
cut to fill, cut to spoil or borrow to fill, and stripping to
stockpile.
Print Cross Section Data...
This command is available when the Cross Section Data window is
the active window. Before selecting this command, be sure to select
paper size and orientation (see Page Setup...).
Print Mass Diagram...
This command is available when the Mass Haul Diagram window is the
active window. Before selecting this command, be sure to select paper
size and orientation (see Page Setup...). The mass diagram will be
printed with the horizontal axis centred on the page. The horizontal
scale is selected from the Layout menu and the vertical scale is set
using the vertical scroll bar of the Mass Diagram window.
Print Text...
This command is available when the Text window is the active
window. Before selecting this command, be sure to select paper size
and orientation (see Page Setup...).
Print Drawing...
This command is available when the Drawing window is the active
window. The size of the drawing is set in the Drawing window. This
may be a larger size than the paper in the printer. For example the
drawing may be A1 size, and the paper in the printer A4 size. In this
case the drawing will be arranged across as many A4 sheets as
necessary to print the whole drawing.
Choose Plotter...
The Choose Plotter command allows you to tell HighRoad which
plotter your computer is connected to. Once you have chosen a
plotter, HighRoad will remember your selection.
Plot Plan...
Plot Profile...
Plot Cross Sections...
Plot drawing...
Choose these commands to produce drawings on a plotter. You can
select the size and speed of pens to be used from the dialog box that
appears. The dialog box displays the preferred sizes at first. You
may use pen sizes other than the preferred sizes and you may locate
these pen sizes in different pen stalls if you wish. For the plan,
profile and cross sections, the next dialog box that appears allows
you to select the size and layout of the drawings and the information
that will be plotted.
Export Plan in PICT format...
Export Profile in PICT format...
Export Cross sections in PICT format...
Export 3D View as PICT file...
Export drawing as PICT file...
Choose these commands if you wish to transfer HighRoad drawings to
other applications such as CAD. For the plan, profile and cross
section windows a dialog box will appear which allows you to select
the size and layout of the drawings and the information that will be
exported. Name the PICT file to be created.
Note: Construction of the Plan view can be time
consuming particularly for computers with slow processors.
Export Plan in DXF format...
Export Profile in DXF format...
Export Cross sections in DXF format...
Export drawing in DXF format...
Choose this command if you wish to transfer HighRoad drawings to
other CAD programs using DXF files. In the case of the Drawing
window, the size of drawing and layout is set out by you in this
window. For the other windows (Plan, Profile, Cross Sections) a
dialog box will appear which allows you to select the size and layout
of the drawings and the information that will be exported. Name the
DXF file to be created.
When exporting the plan you are given the option of creating
either a 2D DXF file or a 3D DXF file. These are quite different in
the extent of information that HighRoad puts in these files. A 2D DXF
file is a representation of a drawing and is analogous to plotting or
printing a drawing. A 3D DXF file is a representation of the entire
project and is useful when transferring terrain information to other
software such as 3D rendering programs. The information exported in
3D DXF files is limited to 3D faces representing the triangulation
and 3D faces representing roads or pads. The information that is
exported depends on what is visible in the Plan window at the time.
You will also be given the option to select the units of
measurement for the DXF file. In the case of a 2D DXF file the
measurements are in paper units. That is the dimensions of lines and
other objects in the DXF file will be measured in relation to the
bottom left corner of the drawing.
In the case of 3D DXF files the dimensions are in real world
units.
Note: Construction of the plan view can be time
consuming particularly on computers with slow processors.
Save as MOSS file
Choose this command if you wish to transfer the road design for
the active control line in MOSS format. This command is only
available in the Plan view.
Save terrain as GDL file...
This command allows you to export the terrain model in GDL format.
(ArchiCAD uses GDL files.) This command is only available in the Plan
view.
Save terrain as Quickdraw 3D file
This command allows you to export the terrain model in Quickdraw
3D metafile format. This command is only available in the Plan view.
Read Data Logger...
This command allows you to read survey information direct from a
data logger into a text file. Before you choose this item you should
have connected your data logger to the serial port of your computer
and set the data logger up ready to transmit the survey data. The
dialog box that appears when you select Read Data Logger... allows
you to select the communication setting on your computer that match
your data logger. Click OK when you are ready. A blank document will
appear on your screen ready to receive the data transmitted by your
data logger. Initiate the transfer from the data logger. Once the
transfer is complete we recommend that you save this text file.
Warning: You should switch off your computer
while connecting or disconnecting cables to the serial port.
Quit HighRoad
This command closes any HighRoad windows that are open and closes
HighRoad. If you have made any changes since you last saved the
document(s), HighRoad will present a dialog box and ask whether you
want to save the changes.
The Edit menu
Undo
This command is active in the Typical Sections window, the Plan
window, and the Drawing window. To remove the last added link from
the Typical Section window, choose Undo... By repeatedly choosing
Undo... you can remove all the links from a typical section. When
your survey data is in point format and the Plan window is the front
window, choose Undo to remove an outside edge point which you entered
incorrectly. You can also use Undo to remove a connection to the last
point you entered on a feature string. In the Drawing window many
operations can be undone.
Cut Typical Section
This command is available when the Typical section window is in
front. It will remove a displayed typical section from the Typical
Section window. A copy of that typical section is placed on the
clipboard. The remaining typical sections are renumbered if
necessary.
Copy Typical Section
This command is available when the Typical Section window is in
front. It will place a copy of a displayed typical section onto the
clipboard. This copy can then be pasted elsewhere in the Typical
Section window or pasted into another application.
Paste Typical Section
This command is available when the Typical Section window is in
front. It will replace the displayed typical section with a copy of
the typical section which is on the clipboard.
Clear Typical Section
This command is available when the Typical Section window is in
front. It will remove all the links from the displayed typical
section, choose Clear Typical Section. Only the control point (
) will remain.
Clear
This command is available when the Plan window or the Drawing
window is in front. It is active when one or more points are selected
in the Plan window or an object is selected in the Drawing window.
The selected points or object will be deleted, unless one or more
selected points are on the DTM perimeter line.
Duplicate Typical Section
This command is available when the Typical Section window is in
front. It will insert a copy of the current typical section after the
current typical section.
Duplicate DTM...
This command is available when the Plan window is in front.
Another terrain model will be created parallel to the DTM of the
existing surface.
Duplicate object
This command is available when the Drawing window is in front and
an object is selected. A copy of the selected object will be created
beside the original.
Get feature info...
This command is available when the Plan window is active and a
feature string is selected. Choose Get feature info... to edit
properties such as pen thickness, symbol and so on. Choosing this
command has the same effect as double-clicking on a feature string.
Get object info...
This command is available when the Drawing window is active and an
object is selected. Choose Get object info... to edit properties such
as size and pen thickness of the selected object.
Get drawing info...
This command is available when the Drawing window is active and no
object is selected. Choose Get drawing info... to edit properties
such as size and name of the current drawing
Communications settings...
This command allows you to edit the communications settings for
the plotter which is currently selected.
Screen scales...
This command is used to change the scales listed in the View menu.
The selected scales must be in the range 1:50 to 1:200000. These
scales will then be displayed in the View menu and used for the
display on the screen and in some cases for printing.
Convert Text File...
This command allows you to convert a text file to HighRoad format.
Select the appropriate format of the text file from the dialog box
which appears. If the text file is from a data logger, HighRoad will
also ask you to check that the location and elevation of the stations
are correct.
Feature library...
This command displays a dialog box which shows the first feature
definition in the Feature Library. You can use the Next or Previous
buttons to view and edit features in the library or use New to make a
new feature.
Find...
This command is available when the Plan or Text window is in
front. When the Plan window is in front this command will allow you
to find a specified point number. When the Text window is in front
this command allows you to find a word or a sequence of numbers or
characters.
Preferences...
This command allows you to specify:
* units of measurement (imperial or metric)
* units of angular measurement (degrees or grads)
* format of the display of numbers
* language used (English, Greek, Japanese, Italian, Spanish)
* type of plan transition curves (cubic parabola or clothoid)
Note: Greek, Japanese, Italian and Spanish are
available in relevant countries.
Use the pop-up menus to select the format of the display of
numbers in this dialog box. The pop-up menus allow you to specify the
layout separately for each of the following: chainages, co-ordinates,
distances, elevations, volumes and contours. Choose from the pop-up
menus to set the format you require for chainages, then co-ordinates
and so on. You can also choose to round the last digit to the nearest
5 mm and to display leading zeros. Leading zeros will only be
apparent when there is a hundreds or thousands separator chosen. For
example, where a thousands marker such as a comma is active, the
number 23.456 would appear as 0,023.456 if leading are zeros are
chosen.
The View menu
Zoom
This command is available when the Profile, Plan, Cross Section
plot, or Drawing window is in front. Select Zoom and the cursor
changes to a magnifying glass which contains a plus (
). Click the point of interest and the view will
be magnified by a factor of 2. The point of interest will be in the
centre of the window. As a short-cut, you can select Zoom using the
Command (
) key on Macintosh or the Alt (
) key on Windows.
Shrink
This command is available when the Profile, Plan, Cross Section
plot or Drawing window is in front. Select Shrink and the cursor
changes to a magnifying glass which contains a minus (
). Click the point of interest and the view will
be shrunk by a factor of 2. The point of interest will be in the
centre of the window. As a short-cut, you can select Shrink by
simultaneously using the Command (
) and Shift (
) keys on Macintosh or the Alt (
) and Shift (
) keys on Windows.
Pan
This command is available when the Profile, Plan or Cross Section
plot window is in front. Select Pan and the cursor will change to a
hand (
). Drag the view in the direction
you want to move it. The view will be redrawn in the new position
when you release the mouse button. As a short-cut, you can select Pan
by using the Option (
) key on Macintosh or the
right mouse button on Windows.
Set scale (1 to 12468)
This command is used to set the scale in the Plan, Profile,
Typical Section, Cross Section, Mass Haul Diagram and Transitions
windows. It is also used in the Drawing window when a frame object is
selected. The scale must be in the range 1:50 to 1:200000. The scale
shown in brackets is the current scale.
Fit to window
This command is available in the Plan and Profile windows.
HighRoad will choose the largest possible scale so that all the plan
or profile can be seen in the window.
Vertical Exaggeration...
This command is available only when the Profile window is in
front. The command allows you to specify the vertical exaggeration
of the profile on the screen.
1:50 --1:5000
The commands 1:50 to 1:5000 set the scale for the active window.
As you change between windows, the current scale will have a tick
against it. When you select a different scale the active window will
be immediately redrawn at the new scale. You can edit these scales to
suit your requirements. Choose Screen Scales... from the Edit menu.
When the Profile window is open, the scales in the Layout menu refer
to the horizontal scale. The Profile window is initially drawn with a
vertical exaggeration of 10 to 1. If the ticked scale is 1:1000, then
the horizontal scale of the profile is 1:1000 and the vertical scale
is 1:100 (that is, 1000 ÷ 10). When the Drawing window is active
the scales refer to the currently selected frame object.
The
Window menu
Cross Section Data
Pegged Line Data
Typical Section
Profile
Cross section plot
Schedule of Quantities
Plan
Mass Haul Diagram
Drive through simulation
Transitions
Text
3D View
Drawing
These commands are used to open a window if it has not been used
yet or to bring a window to the front of the screen if it is hidden
behind other windows. For example, choosing Typical Sections will
open the Typical Section window or if it is covered by other windows,
will bring it to the front. The front window is the active window and
all menu commands apply to this window. Some windows have their own
menu which is displayed at the end of the menu bar when the window is
active. If you are working on a project with survey data in the form
of cross sections with offsets and levels, two additional items,
Cross Section data and Pegged line data will appear at the top of
this menu.
Note: The drive through simulation is not yet
available for Windows.
The Active
menu
Existing surface
Rock surface
The name of each terrain layer that is added to a project appears
at the top of the Active menu. When the Plan window is in front, the
currently active terrain model (the one on which you are working) has
a tick against it and all menu items refer to the active terrain
model.
Frontage Road
Internal Road
Sewer Line
The name of each control line that is added to a project appears
at the bottom of the Active menu. The current control line (the one
on which you are working) has a tick against it in the Active menu
and all views of the road (i.e. Plan, Profile, Cross Section etc.)
show information relating to the current control line.
The Survey
menu
Note: The Survey menu is only available when the
Cross Section Data window is the front window.
Add section...
This command is used to add rows to the survey file so that you
can type in additional cross sections. The additional rows can be
added at the end or in the middle of the survey file by nominating
the chainage after which the rows are to be added. Rows can be
deleted by typing a negative number for the number of rows to be
added.
Add column...
This command is used to add columns to the Cross Section Data
window. The extra column(s) will be added to the righthand side of
the survey sheet.
Rockfall profile
This command is available if you have the Rockfall module. When
you choose this command it has a tick against it indicating that the
survey data is for a rockfall profile. When you display the Profile
window it will allow you to create a dynamic simulation of rockfall
down this slope. Statistical data can then be collected for use in
designing rockfall protection measures.
The Profile
menu
Note: The Profile menu is only
available when the Profile window is the front window.
Show grades
This command allows you to display the grade as you adjust the
location of an IP in the Profile window. The grade will be updated as
you move the IP and Hide Grades will appear in the menu. When you
choose Hide Grades the grade will not be shown as you move the IP in
the Profile window.
Show IP location
When adjusting the location of an IP in the Profile window, you
can choose to display the chainage and elevation of the IP. Choose
Show IP Location. The chainage and elevation of the IP will be
updated as you move the IP and Hide IP Location will be shown in the
menu. When you choose Hide IP Location the chainage and elevation
will not be shown as you move the IP in the Profile window.
Show highs and lows
This command is used to find the location of the high points and
low points along the profile. It is useful for locating catchment
areas and gully pits.
Show balance levels
This command assists you to design a grade line which is close to
a balance of cut and fill. When you choose this command, HighRoad
calculates the level which will produce a balance of cut and fill
(within 5% tolerance) for each cross section. A tick appears beside
the item when it is selected.
Show full bench levels
This command is used to calculate levels at which there is no
fill. These levels will be displayed on the profile as a square
marker. A tick appears beside the item when it is selected.
Show batter limits
This command works in conjunction with the batter limits edge type
in the Typical Section window. If batter limits have been set up in
the typical section, they can be displayed on the profile when this
command is chosen. The item in Profile menu will change to Hide
batter limits.
New IP
This command is only available when the Profile or Plan window is
active. In the Profile window, it is used to add a new IP onto the
end of the vertical grading. A new IP can only be added to the end
(right hand end) of the design profile. The cursor will become a
cross when this item is active. You can continue to add IPs while
this command is active. It remains active until you select the item
(New IP) again, or you click to the left of the last IP, or you
switch windows.
Insert IP...
This command is only available when the Profile or Plan window is
active. In the Profile window, it is used to insert an extra IP into
the vertical grading. This IP is inserted on the gradeline halfway
between the two IPs you nominate. This IP can then be moved to suit
the design requirements.
Delete IP...
This command is only available when the Profile or Plan window is
the front window. It is used to delete an IP. When you choose Delete
IP... , the cursor will change to a X shape. Position the cursor over
the IP to be deleted and click. The IP will be deleted.
Maximum grade...
This command allows you to specify the maximum grade that can be
used when adding IPs with the mouse. A dialog box will appear and you
can specify the maximum grade (which is initially set at 25%)
required.
Grade to target...
When you choose this command, a dialog box will appear in which
you can set the chainage and elevation of the nominated point through
which you want the gradeline to pass.
Vertical curvature...
This command is only available when the Profile window is the
front window. The vertical curvature along a gradeline is displayed
as equivalent radius (R) or K value. By choosing Vertical
Curvature... from the Design menu you can choose to display either
equivalent radius or K value.
New culvert...
Choose this item to add a culvert to the profile. The cursor will
change to a pipe (
). Click on the location
where you want to place the culvert. A dialog box will appear
allowing you to specify information about the culvert. The culvert
will appear on the profile plot.
Raise or lower...
This command is available when the Profile window is the front
window. Choose this item when need to raise or lower the full length
of the vertical grading by a constant amount.
The Section
menu
Note: The Section menu is only
available when the Cross Section plot window is the front window.
Layout...
This command is used to choose the amount and type of information
which is displayed in cross sections of the completed design. A
dialog box will appear on the screen. You can choose to display (and
print and plot) only a line diagram of the finished surface and the
natural surface or you can show the offsets and levels of the natural
and finished surfaces. You can also clip the width of the natural
surface in relation to the design width. You can also choose the
interval between cross sections and the width of the natural surface
when the survey is an irregular network of points.
The
Quantities menu
Note: The Quantities menu is only
available when the Schedule of Quantities window is the front
window.
Limits...
This command allows you to indicate the range over which the
quantities will be calculated. A dialog box will appear and you can
type in the chainages required. When the survey data is in cross
section format, if you nominate a chainage that is not a pegged
chainage, HighRoad will calculate the quantities from the next pegged
chainage.
Note: When there are multiple control lines, the
quantities limits refer to the current control line. The calculations
do not take account of the overlap between control lines. To take
this into account, one or more control lines will have to be
constructed.
No stripping... Strip depth 100 mm...
This command allows you to specify the depth of stripping you
require to be taken into account when calculating quantities. The
depth of stripping is initially set at 100 mm. You can change this
number by selecting the command. A dialog box will appear and you can
type in the number required. If you enter a depth of zero, the
command No stripping... will be shown in the menu.
Earthworks factor...
This command allows you to set the factor for change in volume
between a cut and a fill. If the volume of material decreases when
taken from cut to fill, specify a compaction factor. If the volume
increases, specify a bulking factor.
Method of calculation...
This command allows you to select the method of calculation used
when listing quantities. You can choose to calculate earthworks using
the average end area or the fitted length method. Each method results
in the same total volume but, with the fitted length method, volumes
are calculated at each cross section rather than between cross
sections.
End areas can be adjusted to allow for the effects of horizontal
curvature. Check the box labelled Adjust end area using Pappus
theorem. Pappus' theorem is applied using the centroid of the area of
cut and fill of each cross section in relation to the location of the
control line.
The Plan
menu
Note: The Plan menu is available when
the Plan window is the front window.
Show point info...
This command is used to choose the amount and type of information
which is displayed about each of the points in the terrain model. A
dialog box will appear on the screen. You can choose to show the
point number, its northing, easting and elevation, comments and a
cross marker to indicate its location. You can also choose to hide
non-contourable points.
Show Internal Road details...
This command is used to select which details about the current
control line will be displayed. A dialog box will appear on the
screen. You can choose to show no details, control line only or the
whole road. The transparent road option and the batter rill symbols
are only available when All is selected. Transition chainages will
not be shown unless superelevation or plan transitions have been
calculated.
Note: The name of this command will change to
include the name of the current control line i.e. Show <Control
line name> details.
Show existing surface contours
Choose this item if you want to display the contours on the
terrain model. The contours will be drawn at the specified interval
and tension. (Choose Contours... from the Design menu to specify
contour interval and tension.) The item in the Plan menu will change
to Hide contours. Choose Hide contours to remove the contours from
the terrain model drawn on the screen. This command applies to the
active digital terrain model.
Show triangulation
Choose this item if you want to display the triangulation on the
terrain model. The triangles will be drawn on the screen and the item
in the Plan menu will change to Hide triangulation. Choose Hide
triangulation to remove the triangles from the terrain model drawn on
the screen.
Hide features
Choose this item if you want to hide the feature strings on the
terrain model. The features will not be drawn on the screen and the
item in the Plan menu will change to Hide features. Choose Show
features to display the feature strings.
Show camera...
Choose this item if you to create a perspective view of the
terrain. You can specify the position and elevation of the camera
(the position you want to view from) and the location and elevation
of the camera target position (the point on the project you are
looking towards).
New control line
This command allows you to name the next control line you wish to
add to your project. (The Extra Control Lines module can be added to
HighRoad S so that you can use up to 100 control lines). A dialog box
will appear allowing you to name the control line and whether it is a
road or building pad. The name of each control line entered will
appear in the Active menu.
New IP
This command is only available if a control line has been created
and the active control line is a road. Choose this command to place
an IP when you are designing a road alignment. The cursor will change
to a cross while it is over the Plan window. Click and drag the IP to
the required location. If the IP is located so that the control line
is outside the perimeter of the terrain model, you will not be able
to display the profile or cross sections or calculate quantities etc.
Insert IP...
This command is only available when the Profile or Plan window is
the active window. In the case of the Plan window, it is used to
insert an extra IP into the current control line. This IP is inserted
halfway between the IP you nominate and the next IP. This IP can then
be moved as required to suit the design requirements.
Delete IP...
This command is only available when the Profile or Plan window is
the front window. It is used to delete an IP. When you choose Delete
IP..., the cursor will change to an X shape. Position the cursor over
the IP to be deleted and click. The IP will be deleted.
Location on control line...
This command allows you to easily calculate the location of a
point along the current control line given its chainage and offset.
It will also calculate the bearing and distance from a reference
point. Choose Location on control line... and a dialog box will be
presented. Enter the chainage and offset of the location required and
its northing, easting and bearing at the control line will be
displayed after you click Calculate Now or move to another field by
tabbing or by clicking in the other field. If you type a chainage
which falls outside the limits of the design information for this
control line, the chainage will be adjusted to the nearest point
actually within the design information.
Construct <control line name>
When you select this option HighRoad will create a terrain model
based on the finished surface of the design after construction. It is
useful for calculating quantities more precisely when you have
designed control lines which overlap. It is also useful where you
also need to design sewer or stormwater pipes.
Note: Construct a road or pad only after you are
sure of its position. Before you do this, duplicate your
original file, otherwise you will lose it. Make sure the control line
and its cross sections all remain totally within the terrain model
before choosing this item.
Place cul-de-sac on <Road name>
This command is available when you have designed at least one
road. Choose this command and HighRoad will display the Cul-de-sac
calculator. This shows in a diagrammatic form the dimensions of a
cul-de-sac which you can add to the end of the active control
line. You can change the parameters of the cul-de-sac shape.
As you Tab to the next field, press Return or click Calculate any
dependent parameters will be updated to suit the new dimensions. You
can instantly see the result of your changes. Click Create cul-de-sac
and HighRoad will create the cul-de-sac for you.
Place intersection on <Road name>
This command is available when you have designed at least one
road. Choose this command and the cursor will change to an
intersection shape (
). Click beside the active
control line at the location that you want to place the intersection.
HighRoad will, using default dimensions, create the side road and
kerb returns to produce an intersection at this location All the
geometry and vertical alignment calculations will be completed
automatically. You can change the parameters of the intersection.
When the cursor is over the intersection it becomes a hand shape and
you can drag the intersection. You can also double-click to show the
intersection details. A dialog box will appear. It shows in a
diagrammatic form a typical T-intersection together with critical
chainages along both control lines. As you change these values, and
click Calculate, or move to another field, all the related details of
the intersection will be recalculated.
Join edge points...
This command is only available when the Plan window is in front
and the edge points have not already been linked. Once the edge
points have been joined, the command changes to Rejoin edge points...
. It is necessary to join all the edge points together before
HighRoad can triangulate the points. When you choose Join edge
points... , the cursor will change to a cross when it is over the
Plan window. Join the edge points by clicking on each point in
clockwise order around the outside edge. Finish by clicking on the
start point again. If you make a mistake, choose Undo. Any points
outside the perimeter that you specify will be made non-contourable
and will not be included in the triangulation. Edge points can also
be joined automatically. To use this option you will also need to
specify the maximum distance between edge points and the minimum
angle between edge lines and internal triangle sides. After the
triangulation has been done this command will no longer be available.
New terrain point...
This command is only available when the Plan window is the front
window. Additional points can be added one at a time to a terrain
model after it has been triangulated. Be sure not to put a point
exactly over an existing point or triangle edge. Points outside the
limits of the contourable model will be forced to be non-contourable.
Adjust selected points...
Offset entire terrain model...
Adjust slected points... is only available when the Plan window is
the front window and one or more points are selected. (When no points
are selected the command is called Offset entire terrain model.) It
allows you to adjust the elevation of points. Groups of points can be
selected by shift-clicking the points -- additional points can be
added to the group by clicking on them. Points in the group can be
removed by clicking them. The selected points will be highlighted.
Choose Adjust selected points... from the Plan menu. The dialog box
that appears allows you to alter all the elevations to the same
value, or change them all by the same amount.
This option is useful when working with a rock stratum. If you
know that rock in the area is generally 2 metres below the surface
you can duplicate the DTM to create a rock stratum at this depth. In
some areas you may have more precise information such as from test
holes. In these areas of the rock DTM, select the points in the
vicinity of the test hole and adjust their elevations to suit rock
depth in this area.
When no points are selected the command is called Offset entire
terrain project and you will be presented with a dialog box. You will
be able to either offset or rotate the entire project.
New Feature String...
This command is only available when the Plan window is the front
window. Choose this command to indicate features (both man made and
natural ) of the survey. You can choose whether the features are
breakline and how they will be drawn on the terrain model.
Contours...
This command is available when the Plan window is the front window
and the perimeter points have been joined. (See Join perimeter points
above). You can set the interval between major and minor contours and
the tension of the contours. The major contours are drawn in a
heavier line than the minor ones. Tension controls the curvature of
the contours. If the tension is high (25), then the lines between
points on the contour will be close to a straight line. If the
tension is low (5) the contours will be curved between points. A very
low tension may result in some of the contours overlapping.
Note: The display of the contours as curved lines
is diagrammatic. The contours correctly show the shape of the terrain
model when the contours are straight lines.
The
Drawing menu
Note: The Drawing menu is only
available when the Drawing window is the front window. The Drawing
window is an optional module.
Drawings:New drawing...
This command is listed under the drawings sub-menu and allows you
to create a new drawing. A new drawing will be created with the name
Drawing #<n> where n is the next drawing number available. A
new drawing will be empty and will display the contents of the
template layer. You can rename the new drawing by choosing Get
Drawing Info... from the Edit menu when no objects on the drawing are
selected. The size of the drawing will match all other drawings in
the set and will use the size of the template.
Drawings:Drawing #1
The drawing window starts with one blank drawing called Drawing#1.
This is listed in the Drawing menu. As each new drawing is created it
will be listed in this menu so that you can quickly switch to it by
selecting this item from the Drawings submenu.
Drawings:Switch layers
Choosing this command will switch the active layer from template
to drawing or vice versa. The template layer is common to all
drawings. Any changes made on this layer will carry throught to all
drawings. The drawing layer is on top of the template layer. When the
template layer is active, the drawing layer is not visible. When the
drawing layer is active the template layer is visible but items on
that layer cannot be selected.
Line size
The line size menu is active when a selected is either a line or a
rectangle. The line size is listed in millimetres.
Text size
The text size menu is active when a text object is selected. The
size is listed in points.
Delete drawing
This command will delete the current drawing unless it is the only
drawing, in which case its entire contents will be deleted. The
template layer will not be effected.
The 3D View menu
Note: The 3D View menu is only
available when the 3D View window is the front window.
Drive through simulation...
This command is only available when the 3D Window is in front.
Choose this command to set the parameters for constructing the
simulation. These include eye height, distance between scenes, truck
offset sight distance and replay speed.
The drive through simulation will be created as a colour QuickTime
movie file which you will be asked to name. QuickTime movies can take
up a substantial amount of disk space so be sure to have plenty
available before you start.
Note: The drive through simulation is not yet
available for Windows.
The
Transitions menu
Note: The Transitions menu is only available when
the Transitions window is the front window.
Options...
Use this command to apply curve transitions and/or superelevation.
Once the design speed and maximum superelevation is nominated,
HighRoad will calculate the superelevation required and the locations
of plan transition curves and superelevation transitions. These can
be adjusted in the Transitions window by dragging the vertical
line at the transition point or by editing the text using the usual
editing techniques.
Superelevation...
This command allows the choice of formula for calculation of
maximum superelevation.
Length...
This command allows the choice of various methods of calculating
superelevation development length, and length of spiral. The length
adiopted will be the maximum of the methods chosen, if more than one.
The Text
menu
Note: The Text menu is only available
when the Text window is the front window.
List Points
This command will list information about the survey points in the
Text window. You can then save this data and transfer it to other
applications that read a text file.
List Setout
This command is only available when the text window is the active
window. Choosing this will list the northings and eastings at
chainages along the current control line. HighRoad will list setting
out information at regular intervals along the control line or
opposite points on the pegged line.
If offsets are to be from the pegged line, setting out information
will be listed for each point on the pegged line. If offsets are to
be from the control line, setting out information will be listed at
the cross section interval.
List Observations
This command will list information about the survey points
transferred into HighRoad directly from a data logger or from a text
file created by a data logger. You can then save this data and
transfer it to other applications that read a text file.
List in CivilCAD ASCII format
You can export the terrain model in CivilCAD format. The roads
will be exported only if they have been constructed and therefore are
part of the terrain model. Bring the Text window to the front. Choose
List in CivilCAD ASCII format. The points and feature strings will be
listed as a CivilCAD ASCII file. Non contourable points will be
listed with an elevation of -10000. Each feature type will be on a
separate layer -- there could be more than one feature on a layer.
The names of features often have to be changed and/or truncated to
conform to the limitations of CivilCAD layer names. This format is
compatible with CivilCAD Version 4.
List Horizontal Alignment
You can list the horizontal alignment details for the current
control line in a text file. Choose Text from the Window menu. If
there is not a text file open, an empty document will appear on the
screen. If a text file is already open, it will appear on the screen.
If you do not wish to add the setout information to this text file,
choose New from the File menu. An empty document will appear. Choose
List Horizontal Alignment... from the Text menu. You can select which
items should be listed for each curve from the dialog box that
appears.
List Points for GSI upload...
This command allows you to list points in the Text window in a
format that can be used for upload to a Wild or Leica instrument. If
there are any points currently selected in the plan view, they will
be listed. If no points are selected, all points will be listed. Save
the text file and this can be transferred to a PCMCIA card for use in
the instrument.
List sections in CLIP format
This command allows you to list the natural surface offsets and
levels in a format to suit CLIP software.
Quantities Limits...
This command allows you to indicate the range over which the
quantities will be calculated. A dialog box will appear and you can
type in the chainages required. When the survey data is in cross
section format, if you nominate a chainage that is not a pegged
chainage, HighRoad will calculate the quantities from the next pegged
chainage.
Note: When there are multiple control lines, the
quantities limits refer to the current control line. The calculations
do not take account of any overlap between control lines.
No stripping... Strip depth 100 mm...
This command allows you to specify the depth of stripping you
require to be taken into account when calculating quantities. The
depth of stripping is initially set at 100 mm. You can change this
number by selecting the command. A dialog box will appear and you can
type in the number required. If you enter a depth of zero, the
command No stripping... will be shown in the menu.
Earthworks factor
This command allows you to set the factor for change in volume
between a cut and a fill. If the volume of material decreases when
taken from cut to fill, specify a compaction factor. If the volume
increases, specify a bulking factor.
List Quantities
This command will list information about the earthworks quantities
in the Text window. You can then save this data and transfer it to
other applications. First you need to specify the chainages between
which the quantities will be calculated (choose Quantities Limits...
from the Quantities menu). You can also allow for topsoil stripping
and compaction or bulking as described above.
Method of calculation...
This command allows you to select the method of calculation used
when listing quantities. You can choose to calculate earthworks using
the average end area or the fitted length method. Each method results
in the same total volume but, with the fitted length method, volumes
are calculated at each cross section rather than between cross
sections. End areas can be adjusted to allow for the effects of
horizontal curvature. Check the box labelled Adjust end area using
Pappus theorem. Pappus' theorem is applied using the centroid of the
area of cut and fill of each cross section in relation to the
location of the control line.
Calculate volume to plane...
This command allows you to calculate cut and/or fill volume
between the terrain surface and a datum within a defined area. To
define the area within which the calculations are to be made use a
special feature string called Volume boundary. This feature must be
joined, and closed, and contourable. Before you select this command
you must set the datum level (see Datum of plane for volumes...
below).
You can also change the size of the Text window so it is small and
the Plan window is visible behind it. In this way, as the
calculations are done the triangles that were used for the
calculations will be visible on the Plan view. Choose Volume to plane
calculations from the Text menu. The volumes will be calculated and
listed in the Text window. You can create more than one volume
feature in each project. Each volume feature used in the calculations
will be listed.
Warning: There are some limitations to this
simple method of earthworks calculations. The volume of each triangle
is calculated by using its average height. This will produce an
incorrect result if the datum level is not completely above or
completely below all points within the earthworks boundary. In the
case of a triangle with points both above and below the datum, its
volume will be calculated as the net cut or fill for that triangle.
For example if its volume is made up of 12 m3 of fill and 5 m3 of
cut, it would be listed as 7 m3 of fill. Triangles completely above
or below the datum will be calculated correctly.
Datum of plane for volumes...
This command allows you to set the datum prior to calculating
the cut and/or fill volume between the terrain surface and a
datum within a defined area. To define the area for volume
calculations use a special feature string called Volume boundary.
This must be joined, and closed, and contourable.
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